A hospital is an institution for health care, often but not always providing for longer-term patient stays. Today, hospitals are usually funded by the state, health organizations (for profit or non-profit), health insurances or charities, including direct charitable donations. In history, however, they were often founded and funded by religious orders or charitable individuals and leaders. Hospitals are nowadays staffed by professional physicians, surgeons and nurses, whereas in history, this work was usually done by the founding religious orders or by volunteers.
The best-known type of hospital is the general hospital, which is set up to deal with many kinds of disease and injury, and typically has an emergency ward to deal with immediate threats to health and the capacity to dispatch emergency medical services. A general hospital is typically the major health care facility in its region, with large numbers of beds for intensive care and long-term care; and specialized facilities for surgery, plastic surgery, childbirth, bioassay laboratories, and so forth. Larger cities may have many different hospitals of varying sizes and facilities.
Specialized hospitals
Types of specialized hospitals include trauma centers, children's hospitals, seniors' (geriatric) hospitals, and hospitals for dealing with specific medical needs such as psychiatric problems (see psychiatric hospital), certain disease categories, and so forth.
A hospital may be a single building or a campus. (Many hospitals with pre-20th-century origins began as one building and evolved into campuses.) Some hospitals are affiliated with universities for medical research and the training of medical personnel. Worldwide, most hospitals are run on a non-profit basis by governments or charities. Within the United States, most hospitals are not-for-profit.
Clinics
A medical facility smaller than a hospital is called a clinic, and is often run by a government agency for health services or a private partnership of physicians (in nations where private practice is allowed). Clinics generally provide only outpatient services.
Teaching hospital
A teaching hospital (or university hospital) is that who combines assistance to patients with teaching to medical students.
Other facilities
Many hospitals have hospital volunteer programs where people (usually students and senior citizens) can volunteer and provide various ancillary services.
Hospitals may be required by law to have backup power generators, in case of a blackout. Additionally they may be placed on special high priority segments of the public works (utilities) infrastructure to ensure continuity of care during a state of emergency.
A teaching hospital is a hospital which provides medical training to medical students and residents. Medical students typically spend two to three years in a teaching hospital doing clinical training, after completing their preclinical training in the medical school of a university. Residents (also called "registrars" in the United Kingdom, Australasia and South Africa) are physicians who have completed medical school and are enrolled in speciality training.
Teaching hospitals often have strong links with a nearby medical school and its associated university (such as Addenbrooke's Hospital with the medical school of Cambridge University and Groote Schuur Hospital with the University of Cape Town). A university-affiliated or university-owned hospital is sometimes known as a university hospital.
A hospital ship is a ship designated for primary function as a medical treatment facility or hospital; most are operated by the military forces or navies of various countries around the world, as they are intended to be used in or near war zones.[1] Firing on a hospital ship is generally considered a war crime.
Legal status
Modern hospital ships display large Red Crosses or Red Crescents to enjoy Geneva convention protection under the laws of war. However, such markings did not stop the sinking of the Australian Hospital Ship Centaur on 14 May 1943 off the coast of Queensland, by a Japanese submarine. Some hospital ships, such as the SS Hope, belong to civilian agencies, and as such are automatically not part of a navy force.
The British Royal Fleet Auxiliary ship RFA Argus would be a hospital ship were it not for its armaments. When performing its medical role it is designated a 'primary casualty receiving ship'.
Hospital radio is a form of audio broadcasting produced specifically for the in-patients of hospitals. It is primarily found in the United Kingdom.
[edit] Transmission
In the past, hospital radio tended to be delivered to patients' bedsides by way of a dedicated cable link from the in-house studio to a unit beside every bed. In some cases, this unit would have supplied only the hospital radio station; in others, a choice of broadcast radio stations may also have been available. Today, many stations are carried at a higher quality on the bedside entertainment systems of third party companies such as Patientline. Others are broadcast from a central radio transmitter, by virtue of a low-powered AM or FM licence. Many hospital radio stations also broadcast over the Internet.
Organisation
Hospital radio stations are run by volunteers (more than 2,500 in the UK alone), and each is commonly attached to a particular weekly programme. Some will broadcast on-air, others may work to keep the station's record library or computer systems up-to-date, but most will also visit patients in the hospital wards, to discuss the music that they would like to hear, and to provide an opportunity for a conversation with a member of non-medical staff.
Many professional radio presenters volunteer for hospital radio in their early career, as it provides a training ground for budding broadcasters. Such broadcasters include:
Andrew Edwards, now of BBC Radio Leeds, was previously with Kingstown Radio,the Hospital Radio service in Kingston upon Hull.
Danno Fox, now of Hereward FM, was previously with Hospital Radio Ipswich.
Paul Moseley, now of BBC Radio Norfolk was previously with Hinchingbrooke Hospital Radio in Huntingdon
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